vitamin b12 toxicity

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A D K

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- all

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B12 B15 C E

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DRI / RDA  for B-Vitamins

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Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is the latest term replacing daily
dietary reference values such as:

Adequate Intake (AI ), Nutrient Reference Value (NRV), Tolerable
Upper Intake Level (UL), Estimated

Average Requirements (EAR), and Recommended Dietary Allowance / Intake
(RDA / RDI).

Vitamin B1 - Thiamine: Vitamin B2 -
Riboflavin:

DRI (RDA):DRI (RDA):

0-6 months0.3mg0-6
months0.4mg

6-12 months0.5mg6-12
months0.6mg

1-18 years1-1.5mg1-18 years1-1.5mg

18 years +1.5mg18
years +1.7mg

pregnant / lactating+ 0.5mgpregnant
/ lactating+ 0.5mg

Therapeutic Range:50mg - 1000mg+Therapeutic
Range:50mg - 500mg+

Low Levels / Deficiency - Symptoms and/or Risk Factors:

Vitamin B1:Vitamin
B2:

Beriberi, gastrointestinal disorders, nausea,Light
sensitivity, cracks / inflammation of lips,

vomiting, fatigue, depression, low adrenals,tongue,
corners of mouth, dizziness, insomnia,

High levels / Overdose / Toxicity / Negative Side Effects - Symptoms
and/or Risk Factors:

Vitamin B1:Vitamin
B2:

Heart palpitation, insomnia, agitation, high bloodNausea,
vomiting, fatigue, anemia, low blood

pressure, skin eruptions, hypersensitivity,pressure,
yellow urine,

 

Vitamin B3/4 - Niacin / Niacinamide:  Vitamin B5
- Pantothenic Acid:

(also called
Calcium Pantothenate)

DRI (RDA):DRI (RDA):

0-6 months6mg0-6
months2.5mg

6-12 months8mg6-12
months3mg

1-18 years10-15mg1-18 years4-7mg

18 years +15-20mg18 years +10mg

pregnant / lactating+ 4mgpregnant
/ lactating+ 3mg

Therapeutic Range:100mg - 2,000mg+Therapeutic
Range:250mg - 20g+

Low Levels / Deficiency - Symptoms and/or Risk Factors:

Vitamin B3/4:Vitamin B5:

Pellagra (dementia, death), nausea, vomiting, lossInsomnia,
joint pains, gouty arthritis, edema,

of appetite, fatigue, swollen red tongue, dermatitis,kidney
stones, burning feet,

High levels / Overdose / Toxicity / Negative Side Effects - Symptoms
and/or Risk Factors:

Vitamin B3/4:Vitamin B5:

Flushing (Vit B3), nausea, vomiting, headaches,Edema,
severe fatigue, joint pains, reduced

high blood sugar, high uric acid, jaundice, sweating,protein
metabolism, gastrointestinal symptoms,

skin rash, raised stomach acid, insomnia, joint pains,raised
VLDL triglycerides, calcification,

calcium loss, increased choline requirements,dehydration,
depression,

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Vitamin B6 - Pyridoxine / P5P: Vitamin B7
- Biotin:

DRI (RDA):DRI (RDA):

0-6 months0.3mg0-6
months35mcg

6-12 months0.6mg6-12
months50mcg

1-18 years1-2mg1-18
years100-200mcg

18 years +2-2.5mg18 years +300mcg

pregnant / lactating+ 0.6mgpregnant
/ lactating+ 50mcg

Therapeutic Range: 50mg - 1,000mg+Therapeutic
Range:50mcg - 15mg

 When supplementing more than 50mg of Vitamin B6 / Pyridoxine per
day, the tablets should contain a small percentage of the

Vitamin as Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate (P5P).

Low Levels / Deficiency - Symptoms and/or Risk Factors:

Vitamin B6:Biotin:

Numbness (pins and needles) in hands and/or feet, Skin
disorders, hair loss, brittle nails, anemia,

depression, mental disorders, seborrheic dermatitis,seborrheic
dermatitis in infants, depression,

PMS, dizziness, insomnia, irritability, kidney stones,fatigue,
nausea, loss of appetite, muscular pains

abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG), anemia,increased total
cholesterol levels, hypoglycemia,

convulsions, edema (water retention), hypothyroid,glossitis,

migraine-headaches, glossitis, lymphopenia,

High levels / Overdose / Toxicity / Negative Side Effects - Symptoms
and/or Risk Factors:

Vitamin B6:Biotin:

Numbness in hands and/or feet (from high intake ofReduced /
slowed insulin release, increased

pyridoxine, not pyridoxal-5-phosphate), depression,Vitamin C
requirements, increased Vitamin B6

suicidal tendencies, severe fatigue, low blood sugar,requirements,
skin eruptions, increased blood

mood swings, migraine-headaches, heart palpitations,sugar,

hyperthyroid, hypothyroid (long-term supplementation),

spinal / nerve degeneration (all forms of Vitamin B6),

muscle spasms / cramps, osteoporosis, arthritis,

higher blood pressure (short-term supplementation),

lower blood pressure (long-term supplementation),

abnormally high phosphorus-sodium ratio (low pH),

abnormally high magnesium-calcium ratio, severe

calcium deficiency, severe manganese deficiency,

PMS, decreased estrogen, decreased prolactin,

restlessness, increased dream activity, insomnia,

 

Vitamin B9 - Folic Acid / Folate: Vitamin B12 -
Hydroxy / Cyanocobalamin:

(also
available as adenosyl / methylcobalamin)

DRI (RDA):DRI (RDA):

0-6 months30mcg0-6 months0.5mcg

6-12 months50mcg6-12 months1.5mcg

1-18 years100-400mcg1-18
years2-4mcg

18 years +400mcg18 years +4-6mcg

pregnant / lactating1mgpregnant
/ lactating+ 1mcg

high-risk women of childbearing age: 5mg

Therapeutic Range:400mcg - 20mg+Therapeutic
Range:50mcg -10mg

 Folate is the natural form, folic acid is the syntheticMethylcobalamin
is the preferred form of Vit B12

form.  Folic acid is about twice as potent as folate.if
cyanocobalamin is not tolerated, however side

effects (rare)
are possible with all forms.

Low Levels / Deficiency - Symptoms and/or Risk Factors:

Folic Acid:Vitamin
B12:

Hemolytic and megaloblastic anemia, low energy,Pernicious
anemia (numbness and tingling in hands

abnormal fetal development (neural tube defect),and feet
/ nerve damage), shortness of breath, birth

high homocysteine levels / vascular degeneration,defects,
severe fatigue, dementia, confusion, poor

mental disorders, confusion, forgetfulness, insomnia,memory,
depression, reduced WBCs and platelet

irritability, depression, cervical dysplasia, higher riskformation,
loss of appetite, weight loss, sore tongue,

to develop some cancers, high blood pressure,headaches,
nausea,

High levels / Overdose / Toxicity / Negative Side Effects - Symptoms
and/or Risk Factors:

Folic Acid:Vitamin
B12:

Kidney damage, abdominal bloating / distention,Can cause
folic acid-related anemia if low,

nausea, loss of appetite, increased cholesterolnumbness
or tingling in right arm or right side of face,

LDL / HDL ratio, increased zinc and potassiumanxieties,
panic-anxiety attacks, heart palpitations,

requirements, may mask pernicious anemia fromhyperthyroid,
optic nerve atrophy (in someone with

Vitamin B12 deficiency, worsens some types ofLeber's
disease), insomnia, some types of leukemia,

childhood leukemia, higher risk to develop someliver,
kidney diseases,

cancers when higher amounts of folic acid andmay worsen
symptoms of mitral valve prolapse,

Vitamin B12 are supplemented,may increase
tumor / cancer cell division, rash.

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Vitamin B8 - Inositol  -  Vitamin B11 - Choline:Vitamin B10 -
PABA:

(Para-aminobenzoic
Acid)

DRI (RDA):40mg (B8)200mg (B11)DRI
(RDA):25mg

Therapeutic Range:100mg - 3,000mg+Therapeutic
Range:50mg - 1000mg+

Low Levels / Therapeutic Indications:Low Levels /
Therapeutic Indications:

Inositol / Choline:PABA:

Oxidative cell damage, cardiovascular disease,Vitiligo
(depigmentation of some areas of the skin),

liver disease, low bile production, low total andincreased
estrogen breakdown by the liver,

low HDL cholesterol, low blood pressure, moodhyperthyroid,

or mental disorders, gallstones (choline),

poor memory / reduced learning capacity (choline),

kidney stones (choline), peripheral neuropathy

(inositol), panic-anxiety attacks (inositol),

High levels / Overdose / Toxicity / Negative Side Effects - Symptoms
and/or Risk Factors:

Inositol / Choline:PABA:

Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, high blood pressure,Liver disease,
jaundice, nausea, vomiting,

liver disease, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease,increased
Vitamin C requirements, increased

increased magnesium requirements, may increaseVitamin B6
requirements, decreased estrogen

potassium requirements, acne-like skin rash,breakdown by
the liver, hypothyroid.

 

Lecithin:Vitamin B15
- Pangamic Acid:

(also called
Calcium Pangamate)

DRI (RDA):500mgDRI (RDA):
25mg

 estimated / suggested daily intake no USRDAmay
be substituted with DMG .

Therapeutic Range:1,200mg - 7,200mg+Therapeutic Range:50mg
- 500mg

Low Levels / Therapeutic Indications:Low Levels /
Therapeutic Indications:

Lecithin:Vitamin B15:

Oxidative cell damage, cardiovascular disease,Angina
(right-sided), coronary artery spasms

high LDL cholsterol, high VLDL triglycerides,(right-sided),
some types of panic-anxiety disorders,

atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, calcification,headaches,
Vitamin B12 overdose (from Vit B12

osteoarthritis, edema, fatigue, kidney stones,injection),
some types of high blood pressure,

joint pains, burning feet, tardive dyskinesia, shortness
of breath, asthma, increased lactic acid,

learning
difficulties,

High levels / Overdose / Toxicity / Negative Side Effects - Symptoms
and/or Risk Factors:

Lecithin:Vitamin B15:

Gout, kidney disease, nausea, high blood pressure,Severe
fatigue, pernicious anemia (long-term very

dizziness, kidney stones, insomnia, osteporosis,high
intake), depression, headaches, skin rash,

joint pains, edema, burning feet, increased zinc andshortness
of breath, nausea,

increased calcium requirements, acne-like skin rash,

 

Vitamin B12 sources:

Meat, dairy, eggs, seafood.  Vitamin B12 is only found in animal
products, but has been obtained through
insect / feces-contaminated grains, fruits, or vegetables,

Typical food sources for all other B-Vitamins:

Brewer's yeast, unrefined whole grains, liver, all meats, eggs, green
leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds. ¤

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General recommendations for nutritional supplementation:  To avoid
stomach problems and promote better

tolerance, supplements should always be taken earlier, or in the
middle of a larger meal.  When taken on an

empty stomach or after a meal, there is a greater risk of some tablets
causing irritation, or eventually erosion

of the esophageal sphincter, resulting in Gastroesophageal Reflux
Disease (GERD).  It is also advisable not

to lie down immediately after taking any pills.  When taking a very
large daily amount of a single nutrient, it is

better to split it up into smaller doses to not interfere with the
absorption of other nutrients in food, or nutrients

supplemented at lower amounts.

 

Copyright © 2000-2010  Ronald Roth      DRI
/ RDA of B-Vitamin Complex

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